Total Return
Total return measures the overall gain or loss on an investment over a period, combining price change with income received such as dividends, interest or fund distributions. It is usually shown as a percentage of the starting value.
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Tracking Difference
Tracking difference is the signed gap between a fund's return and its benchmark's return over a stated period, found by subtracting the benchmark return from the fund return. A negative value means the fund lagged the benchmark and a positive value means it exceeded it.
Tracking Error
Tracking error is the standard deviation of the return gap between a fund or portfolio and its benchmark over time, usually annualized. It measures how consistently a fund follows its benchmark, not whether it is ahead of or behind it.